Endocrinology (2013) 154:407888
A meta-analysis of glp-1 after roux-en-Y gastric bypass: impact of surgical technique and measurement strategy
Gupta NA, Mells J, Dunham RM et al (2010) Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor is present on human hepatocytes and has a direct role in decreasing hepatic steatosis in vitro by modulating elements of the insulin signaling pathway
When plotted, the 4 mg starting dose produces noticeably higher initial concentrations than starting at 2 mg, which is why the trial data showed more early gastrointestinal effects in the higher starting dose group
Int J Cardiol 357:123127 Holman RR, Bethel MA, Mentz RJ, Thompson VP, Lokhnygina Y, Buse JB, Chan JC, Choi J, Gustavson SM, Iqbal N et al (2017) Effects of once-weekly exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes
Applied twice daily using 0.5ml per application, this provides 20mg per day of topical peptide (though actual absorption is much lower due to skin penetration limits)