Barron JT, Kopp SJ, Tow J, Parrillo JE
It is a naturally occurring copper peptide complex studied for extracellular matrix remodeling, collagen-related signaling, wound-healing models, and skin-aging research
plasma : ethanol 217 mg/dL, glucose 63 mg/dL, sodium 129 mMol.L (mEq/L), potassium 4.3 mMol/L (mEq/L), chloride 78 mMol/L (mEq/L), bicarbonate 5 mMol/L (mEq/L), osmolality 376 mOsm/Kg, calcium 7.8 mg/dL, and urea-N 30 mg/dL
Topical concentrates effects at the skin level
A permissive apoptotic environment: function of a decrease in intracellular superoxide anion and cytosolic acidification
Topical or transdermal application is most common for skin benefits, while injectables may be used under medical supervision