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No human study has established a route conversion or shown that they match oral exposure

Improving B12 levels has been clinically linked to better cognitive function, stabilized mood, and the reversal of megaloblastic anemia

Amount of vitamin b12 that reaches blood: Vitamin B12 Injection For Dogs Delivers Larger Amount Of Cobalamin In Blood-Picture Courtesy: MetLife Pet Insurance By giving vitamin b12 orally, you cannot estimate what amount of nutrient that has reached the blood

Serious side effects are extremely rare

Normal physiological responses to carbohydrate shortages cause the liver to increase the production of ketone bodies from the acetyl-CoA generated from fatty acid oxidation

So, if you are vegetarian or vegan, B12 supplement intake is recommended