Tinosorb S (Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine) , UVA UVB-
Next steps if you are curious If you want to explore evidence and human clinical trials further, Tonum maintains a research hub with trial summaries and resources that many find helpful
Figure 1: Carnitine accumulation in muscles Compared to controls, the carbohydrate + carnitine group increased muscle carnitine levels by 24% Figure 2: Carnitine and performance A comparison of carnitine and non-carnitine users (control group): shows the glycogen used at 50% VO2max, lactate accumulation at 80% VO2max, and work output during a 30-minute all out effort You might think that research showing muscle carnitine levels can be raised, muscle glycogen spared and lactate levels suppressed to increased muscle work ability would generate a huge amount of follow-up interest in the wider press, but it hasnt
Magnesium Chloride: Reduces inflammation and supports muscle and nerve function
If the science changes, we will revisit the sublingual option
Resolving this discrepancy between widespread anti-doping policy and the current hierarchy of evidence will require rigorous, randomized, and placebo-controlled international trials, though the ethical and practical realities of conducting such studies in elite sports populations remain a significant barrier