This reaction converts the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) into oxidized glutathione (GSSG), which is then reduced back to GSH by glutathione reductase (GR), using electrons from NADPH (Dringen and Arend, 2025)
MOTS-c is a short peptide (16 amino acids), which makes it relatively resistant to the enzymatic degradation that degrades larger peptides, but also means that reconstitution technique and storage conditions matter considerably
Metabolism is not a fixed number
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00672 (7) Zhao X, et al
As an example, the Amgen drug MariTide is showing impressive results in trials
However, broadly speaking, Peter uses pregabalin to increase his stage 3 sleep (non-REM deep sleep), which sleep studies suggested he was lacking in