doi: 10.1093/advances/nmy117 275
Inefficient phagocytosis by neutrophils diminishes their ability to eliminate pathogens
It's made up of three amino acids: cysteine, glutamine, and glycine
In one mouse study, researchers found that the peptide reduced the pain felt by the animals in their paws when placed on a mildly hot plate. The authors explained that this could be because GHK is similar in structure to cimetidine, a histamine H2 receptor antagonist sometimes given to reduce pain in certain digestive conditions.3 10 In rodents, doses as low as 0.5mg/kg were found to be effective in delivering these anti-pain effects.25 In a 70kg human, an equivalent dose would be around 5.6mg, though thats likely higher than necessary: pharmaceutical-grade GHK-Cu normally ranges from 0.5 mg to 2.5mg per injection
Results and discussion Effect of ZIL on cells and tissues We found that ZIL shows less toxicity to human cells (normal fibroblasts, hNF-1) than DMSO at high (10%) concentrations (Fig
This enhances local circulation and reduces oxidative stress, both of which support faster healing and reduce inflammation