The transmission of the beneficial effect of GLP-1RAs through fecal microbiota transplantation confirmed that GLP-1RAs indeed changed the composition of the gut microbiota in obese mice (Sun et al., 2025)
Pre-clinical studies in genetically modified animal model of T2DM (OLETF rats, Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima fatty rats) have shown high PRA (plasmatic renin activity) levels, without any change in aldosterone levels under dapagliflozin chronic treatment, in accordance with the aforementioned observations of an independent intrarenal RAS (36)
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10.2337/db13-0805 189 VillhauerE
The London study involved a combination of healthy volunteers as well as patients who had previously had part of their stomach removed because of cancer who were in good health
Stazi M, Lehmann S, Sakib MS, Pena-Centeno T, Bschgens L, Fischer A et al (2021) Long-term caffeine treatment of Alzheimer mouse models ameliorates behavioural deficits and neuron loss and promotes cellular and molecular markers of neurogenesis