As of June 2026, neither compound is FDA-approved for any clinical use
Pediatrics 146 (1), e20192493
Some reviews describe a broad range of experimental findings, but there remains a gap between promising research and established, FDA-approved clinical use
The management of Type 1 diabetes in adults
Instead, what I saw then and see now in my current Functional Medicine patients is the use of pharmaceuticals to treat what I often think are B12 deficiency signs
Taken together, these data establish that a mixture of -synuclein containing both monomeric and high molecular weight conformers of this protein significantly augments the expression, production and release of classical proinflammatory molecules from BV2 cells, while -synuclein misfolded in the presence of dopamine (SYN DA ) causes a dampened response, despite the presence of high molecular weight -synuclein species suggesting that the structure of -synuclein modified by dopamine is different than -synuclein modified in the absence of this neurotransmitter