When B12 is low, homocysteine accumulates in the blood
In type 1 diabetes mellitus, portal vein insulin levels are extremely low
Ferroptosis Suppressor Protein 1 (FSP1) is a newly identified inhibitor of ferroptosis, functioning by catalyzing the reduction of membrane phospholipids to prevent the oxidation of PUFA-PE (92, 93)
Studies highlight the critical role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in thyroid hormone production, making the thyroid highly vulnerable to oxidative damage (Reference Kochman, Jakubczyk and Bargiel3,Reference Vanderpump, Luster, Duntas and Wartofsky6Reference Pereira, Rosa and Safi12)
These highly reactive carbon-centered radicals then swiftly engage with oxygen, producing PUFA peroxyradicals (PUFA-OO), and culminating in the generation of PUFA hydroperoxides (PUFA-OOH) [47]
The BTB domain binds Cul3, contains the Cysteine151 residue (C151), which is one of the important cysteine residues in stress sensing, and mediates KEAP1 homodimerization [123,124,125]