doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1745285 Received 30 December 2025 Revised 18 December 2025 Accepted 14 January 2026 Published 11 February 2026 Volume 16 - 2026 Edited by Rohit Upadhyay, Tulane University, United States Reviewed by Seydi Ykm, Namik Kemal University, Trkiye Fatima Zahra Jawhari, Institut Suprieur des Professions Infirmires et Techniques de Sant, Morocco Updates Copyright 2026 Kmail
This peptidomimetic nature is part of what enables its exceptional potency in animal models and why its effects are different from typical peptide pharmacokinetics
Its cognition-enhancing effects may be due to an ability to influence the brains levels of noradrenaline, serotonin, and dopamine,4 three neurotransmitters with well-documented relationships to vigilance, attention, learning,5 memory,6 and the motivation toward cognitive effort.7 Meanwhile, its anxiolytic effects appear to be GABAergic (i.e., relating to the neurotransmitter GABA)
Reducing inflammation that can exacerbate dark circles and puffiness over time
reviewing the safety profiles of GLP-1 receptor agonists (including semaglutide) across multiple trials found that elevations in liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) were among the most common adverse events, occurring in approximately 510% of patients
Once introduced into the body, it inhibits tyrosinase, an enzyme responsible for melanin production