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Another factor is the effect of B12 deficiency on the spinal cord and peripheral nerves
In many of the above studies, patients were reported to have subnormal B12 levels
Peak neurotransmitter effects occur within 2 to 6 hours of injection, so a morning dose aligns dopaminergic activity with natural wakefulness
Studies show its potential to aid injury and wound healing as well as improve symptoms of inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases
Neurological Relevance Preclinical evidence suggests broader neuroprotective potential: In traumatic brain injury models, SS-31 reduced mitochondrial swelling, neuronal loss, and neuroinflammation Aged mice treated with SS-31 showed significantly improved exercise tolerance, muscle strength, and mitochondrial efficiency Studies demonstrate protection against ischemic injury and enhanced cardiac output Phase 3 trials are ongoing for dry age-related macular degeneration and primary mitochondrial myopathy (Stealth BioTherapeutics pipeline) Implications for Brain Aging Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of brain aging and neurodegeneration