Key Points As several mechanisms lead to -cell failure in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), strategies combining different molecules could target different pathways involved in the pathogenesis of T1DM Different combination therapies have been tested in preclinical studies with encouraging results, but results from clinical trials have not matched expectations Heterogeneity in the age of patients with T1DM and the low rate of human -cell regeneration are possible explanations for the negative results of clinical trials that should be addressed in future studies Proton pump inhibitors and incretin-based agents can stimulate -cell regeneration, so future trials in patients with T1DM should investigate their potential in combination with immunomodulatory compounds The issue of patient heterogeneity can be addressed by designing trials evaluating the relative effectiveness of interventions in specific subgroups of patients Abstract Immunotherapies for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have been the focus of intense basic and clinical research over the past few decades
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Induction of basal resistance is not associated with visible symptoms, in contrast to the HR-type cell death
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References Iyengar NM
Rybelsus is licensed for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes but, like it's injectable sister Ozempic, Rybelsus patients saw positive results for weight loss
Evidence has recently revealed that GLP-1RAs inhibit cardiac hypertrophy by upregulating GLP-1R expression and activating the AMPK/mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway [78]