Abbreviations 5-oxp: Pyroglutamic acid (5-oxoproline) AMP: Adenosine monophosphate APX: Ascorbate peroxidase ATP: Adenosine triphosphate BEH: Ethylene bridged hybrid CAT: Catalase Chl: Chlorophyll C initial : Initial conductivity C max : Maximum conductivity DAB: 3',3-diaminobenzidine DHAR: Dehydroascorbate reductase DW: Distilled water EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EL: Electrolyte leakage F m : Maximum fluorescence F v : Variable fluorescence F v /F m : Photochemical efficiency GR: Glutathione reductase GSH: Glutathione H 2 O 2 : Hydrogen peroxide HPLC-ESI-MS: High-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer m/z: Mass-to-charge ratio MDHAR: Monodehydroascorbate reductase NH 3 AC: Ammonium acetate NH 3 OH: Ammonia PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline PVPP: polyvinylpyrrolidone TCA: Tricarboxylic acid UDP-glucose: Uridine diphosphate-glucose (UDP-glucose) UGPase: Uridine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase UMP: Uridine monophosphate References Akram M (2014) Citric acid cycle and role of its intermediates in metabolism

Blood sugar control : By regulating insulin, they help stabilize blood sugar
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The medication can come in the form of an injection, like Ozempic or Wegovy, or a tablet, like Rybelsus
Glucagon administration also decreases hepatic triacylglycerol synthesis in rats [30] and stimulates hormone-sensitive lipase in human and rat white adipocytes to promote lipolysis and the release of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) [31, 32]
Diarrhoea : Common, occurring in approximately 8-9% of patients