Simultaneously, the GHK-Cu complex has been shown in vitro to interact with components of the TGF- superfamily signaling axis and to up-regulate expression of anti-apoptotic and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling genes, including those encoding fibronectin, collagen I, and various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as well as their inhibitors (TIMPs)
Epithalon - a synthetic tetrapeptide, a derivative of epithalamine bovine pineal gland extract, is considered a potential activator of the enzyme telomerase, which protects and maintains telomere caps at the end of DNA chromosomes
The FDA does not review or approve compounded medications for safety or effectiveness
A single combination injection generates one administration fee
[4] PMC (2015)
Mechanism literature Multiple peer-reviewed papers describe VEGFR2 activation, eNOS/NO signaling, and tendon-cell behavior in cultured cells and rodent models (Chang et al., Journal of Applied Physiology, 2011