Injection bypasses the gut entirely, which sidesteps the absorption ceiling that constrains oral dosing
PMCID: PMC5660121 do Carmo JM, da Silva AA, Wang Z, Fang T, Aberdein N, Perez de Lara CE, Hall JE
They should not be interpreted as expected outcomes for compounded formulations, which have not undergone equivalent clinical evaluation as finished products
They also appear to decrease markers of systemic inflammation , which is critical because chronic inflammation fuels atherosclerosis (plaque buildup in arteries)
The people making that comparison are responding rationally to a distorted market
To address this knowledge gap, here we develop a mathematical model that incorporates the most essential molecular elements for NADPH production, ROS generation, GSH synthesis, and detoxification of ROS by GSH in the outer retina, formed by photoreceptors and the RPE (see Fig